This is a guest post by Vibhav Mariwala
The 26th of June 2015 marks the 40th Anniversary of the declaration of National Emergency by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Emergency (1975-1977) was one of the darkest periods in Indian history, a period in which people’s fundamental rights were repeatedly violated. Forty years on, I wanted to see if the youth today knows about the Emergency and what one’s fundamental rights are. But most importantly, I wanted to see if people today have the inclination to resist dictatorial rule if an Emergency-like situation were to occur again. This desire caused me to pursue a project on fundamental rights in India and it has taught me a lot about the Emergency, the implications of curtailing fundamental rights in a country as diverse as India and whether people think that an Emergency can occur and why they think it may/may not happen. Based on the responses I got from the various people I interacted with, I do have a feeling that there may be an Emergency like situation in the foreseeable future. On the other hand, I do have a feeling, that it will be far harder for the government to crack down on the public mainly because the current generation is more aware, better connected and will do anything to ensure that politicians do not exploit their power. This desire caused me to find answers to these fundamental questions.
• How much does youth know about the Emergency?
• How far do individuals in India value their fundamental rights?
• Why was the emergency declared?
• How could it be declared?
• How did it affect the lives of businessmen, journalists and other professions?
• Do people believe it can happen again, and if so why?
• Do people believe that a dictatorial form of government is required in a country like India or not?
I would like to thank all the participants for taking out time from their lives to answer my survey or participate in my interviews. To those who lived through the Emergency, it was very difficult for you all to tell me about your experiences, but thank you for opening up to me. To the youth, thank you for your incredibly penetrative responses to my questions. Without you, this project would not have worked out. I would also like to thank my mentor, Rajni Bakshi, who is the Senior Gandhi Peace Fellow at Gateway House, for supporting me and working with me for the past four months in order to ensure that the project was successful. I went about this project by carrying out a series of interviews of people from different backgrounds – the army, journalism or education. I got very insightful, unique and unexpected responses to the questions that I asked. I also conducted two surveys, one for the youth (those had not lived through the Emergency) and another for those who did live through that time period. Youth surveys/interviews focused more on fundamental rights and the future of Indian Democracy while my adult surveys/interviews focused more on past experiences during the Emergency, the reactions to it and the future of Indian democracy, which was the crux of this project.
Continue reading The Value of Fundamental Rights: A Study of the Implications of the Emergency, 40 years on: Vibhav Mariwala →