Category Archives: Culture

Democratic Dogmas and Disquiets

Democracy Dialogues Series 36

Organised by New Socialist Initiative

Theme :Democratic Dogmas and Disquiets

Speaker : Prof Niraja Gopal Jayal

Avantha Chair, Professor of Politics,

King’s India Institute , King’s College London

Livestreamed on : facebook.com/newsocialistinitiative.nsi

Abstract:

The erosion of democracy worldwide has placed all those who self-identify as democrats in a conundrum. We are loath to recognise the inherent imperfections of democracy because it is by championing democracy that we seek to challenge authoritarian rule. However, the failure to acknowledge the potential distortions of democracy has consequences, obliging us to confront the question of the ways in which democracy must be safeguarded, if necessary against itself.

About the Speaker :

Niraja Gopal Jayal joined King’s India Institute as Avantha Chair in October 2021. She was formerly Professor at the Centre for the Study of Law and Governance at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and presently also Centennial Professor (2019-23) at The London School of Economics, in the Department of Gender Studies.She has also held visiting appointments at, among others, Princeton University, King’s College, London, and the EHESS, Paris.

Her book Citizenship and Its Discontents (Harvard University Press and Permanent Black, 2013) won the Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy Prize of the Association of Asian Studies in 2015. She is also the author of Representing India: Ethnic Diversity and the Governance of Public Institutions (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) and Democracy and the State: Welfare, Secularism and Development in Contemporary India (OUP, 1999). She has co-edited The Oxford Companion to Politics in India, and edited, among several others, Democracy in India (OUP, 2001) and Re-Forming India: The Nation Today. (Penguin Random House, 2019) Her most recent book is Citizenship Imperilled: India’s Fragile Democracy (Permanent Black).

Bhagwat Puran of a Different Kind

How to denigrate India’s historic freedom struggle and humiliate the sacrifices of martyrs, and keep sermonising happily ever after

Image Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Though this be madness yet there is method in it…’

–‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare I.

The search for the real Independence Day has perhaps become longer in the Hindutva supremacist circles.

Close on the heels of the likes Kangana Ranaut, film actress and ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Member of Parliament, who had (in)famously said that “India attained freedom in 2014 and 1947 was ‘bheek’”, or alms and Vikram Massey, another flop Bollywood hero, questioning the freedom of 1947 as “so-called” Independence, has come the news that the numero uno of the Sangh Parivar, Mohan Bhagwat, has joined the ranks.

Speaking on the first anniversary of the Ram Temple inauguration day in Indore (as per the Hindu calendar), the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) chief underlined that this day of consecration should actually be celebrated as “true independence” of Bharat, which faced enemy attacks “parachakra” for several centuries.

As expected, Bhagwat’s remarks have received widespread condemnation in Opposition circles. Congress leader Rahul Gandhi has even called it an act of “treason” and asserted that they were an affront to every Indian. He even underlined that the “[R]SS chief would have been arrested in any other country” for such controversial remarks.

Looking at the fact that Bhagwat happens to be the supremo of the ‘biggest cultural organisation in the world’, whose ideology drives India today, who has the complete liberty of sharing his pearls of wisdom whenever he deems it necessary, at times even boomeranging on the organisation, it is difficult to imagine that any action would be taken against him, or whether he will be censured for his controversial remarks, which are an attack on the sacrifices and historic legacy of the freedom fighters as also on the Constitution. ( Read the full text here :https://www.newsclick.in/bhagwat-puran-different-kind)

Reflections on the Kafila journey : ‘We Should Learn from Them!’

Presentation   at the panel on Kafila held as part of the W.I.P alt.FEST held in Bangalore and Delhi in  December 2024. The second post in the series can be read here and the third by J. Devika here.

They were different times.

Times when the space for debate and discussion had not shrunk as we it witness today, when stigmatisation of ‘others’ or ‘criminalisation of differences’ had not yet started; times when one had rarely heard about writers. rationalists or cultural workers coming under murderous attacks in this part of South Asia, just because they dared to speak the truth.

Perhaps it is better to begin from the beginnings.

One still remembers the very first meeting we had at CSDS, Delhi in Aditya’s room to discuss the idea of a blog and its launching. Apoorvanand was there, a young blogger Shivam Vij – was also present ( who became a ‘Guru’ of many of us ‘oldies’ for sometime, who were then taking baby steps in this virtual world of self publishing).

For me it was my first experience to be directly associated with a blog.

None of us  had any premonition that we are in for interesting times and would be helping catalyse conversations on various issues of concern among a wide spectrum of writers, activists, scholars and concerned individuals.

All of us had our own teething troubles then, in fact initially I found it extremely difficult even to upload my posts on the blog and had to take the help of a close friend in the IT sector to do it. 

What is worth underlining about Kafila

Looking back, one today feels mesmerised the way it could attract people of various shades to contribute for the blog . Thanks to the wide network of contacts of a few among us- the number of admins reached the figure of twenty two . What connected them was their unflinching opposition to communalism, capitalism, casteism, patriarchy etc and their yearning to  enhance and enrich the intellectual atmosphere in their own way and promote a culture of discussion and debate in the rest of the society.

Nirbhaya movement and the  India against Corruption campaign – popularly called as Anna Movement were the two high points when Kafila reached its peak. One can still recall Shuddho returning from a rally in Jantar Mantar and on his way back home, posting an article on the theme which used to gather scores of comments the next morning

It was a period when even the mainstream magazines, publications felt it necessary to pay attention to the debates happening there and gladly rerepublished pieces which had earlier appeared on Kafila or even referred to Kafila post. Another important facet of Kafila was that there were occasions when the views of Kafila admins themselves differed but what was remarkable that it did not create any bad blood or any rancour among us. We continued to remain friends / comrades as earlier.

Perhaps it also had its genesis in the long bonding which had emerged between many of us during various social political interventions in the capital since mid nineties. Campaigns for defence of rights of workers (Delhi Janwadi Adhikar Manch) or struggles against communalism (Aman Ekta Manch) or issue of caste (Durban Abhiyan)  etc

Anna movement was the high point also because it clearly witnessed a clear division of opinion between us – few of us were completely opposed to the movement for its politics, who felt that it was a RSS inspired movement but others were equally vehement supporters of the movement, who felt that it provided a ray of hope in those times.

Another important point was the impact it could generate across a large sections of people.

It was the year 2014 ( elections were yet to be held) and one fine morning I got a call from an officer associated with a Eurozone country that he wanted  to meet me. This gentleman – who was much familiar with Kafila – who had even read the morning article which had appeared in Kafila, felt that someone like me could provide him with necessary details and analysis of the unfolding situation and also the possibility of Modi’s coming to  power.

What one observed that influence of Kafila was not restricted to only lefts and liberals, it was also read by the Rightwing.

A close relative of mine – who was then associated with a Hindutva Rightwing organisation but had started having doubts about their project – then had shared with me about the discussion he heard in the ‘family’ office.

He heard two of the seniors talking, ‘ we should learn from Kafila, look how they write and polemicise’

 

 

Salaam Anita! 1958 – 2024

Anita Ghai with friends on her birthday in 2021

Anita Ghai (October 23, 1958 – December 11, 2024) psychology scholar and practitioner, feminist and disability rights activist, taught at Jesus and Mary College, Delhi University, for about three decades, then moved to Ambedkar University Delhi, from where she retired as Professor. She is the author of (Dis)embodied Form: Issues of Disabled Women (2003), Rethinking Disability in India (2015) and a significant edited volume Disability in South Asia: Knowledge and Experiences (2018)

How much I learnt from you, Anita my friend, and how am I performing this unthinkable task of writing your obituary! I feel as if I am writing this for you to read, for you to be gently critical about, because for sure I would have missed a nuance or two while writing about the points at which gender and disability intersect, for you cannot be written about without reference to your thinking and your scholarship. About three decades ago you sought me out to have a conversation on disability, and that destablizing  conversation never ever ended. You blew open my theoretical horizons by introducing me to the field of Disability Studies, to the idea of decentering disability from a medical to a social model, to the idea that we are not divided between abled and disabled bodies, but that we all occupy a continuum of being Temporarily Abled Bodies. A sudden fracture, an illness, and within a split second you move from abled to disabled body. You wear spectacles, your hearing is mildly impaired, you have that problem in bending your wrist because of a childhood fall – each one of us is on that continuum. Continue reading Salaam Anita! 1958 – 2024

न्यायपालिका और हिन्दुत्व वर्चस्ववादी परियोजना 

दुनिया में जनतंत्र पर मंडराते खतरों की तरफ हाल के समय में बार-बार लिखा गया है। जानकारों ने इस बात को साफ किया है कि किस तरह जनतंत्र का कवच साबित होने वाली उसकी संस्थाओं को अंदर से कमजोर करके, कार्यपालिका, विधायिका या न्यायपालिका को अंदर से खोखला करके या इन सुरक्षा कवच ( guardrails of democracy) का अपहरण करके भी इसे बखूबी अंजाम दिया जा सकता है।

भारत में जहां हम कार्यपालिका का, अर्थात उसकी विभिन्न संस्थाओं को प्रभावहीन बनाने या उन्हें सत्ताधारी पार्टियों के मातहत करने की परिघटना को बारीकी से देख रहे हैं, मगर अभी तक न्यायपालिका में आ रहे बदलावों की तरफ हमारी निगाहें कम गई हैं।

गौरतलब है कि भारत में ऐसे बहुत कम कानून के विद्वान हैं या वकील हैं जिन्होंने भारत की न्यायपालिका के गति विज्ञान को बारीकी से देखा है और उसके रास्ते हमारे सामने रफ्ता-रफ्ता नमूदार हो रहे ख़तरों की तरफ इशारा किया है। जनाब डॉ. मोहन गोपाल, का नाम ऐसे लोगों में शुमार है।

कानून के यह आलिम और प्रैक्टिशनर हिन्दुत्व वर्चस्ववादी ताकतों के नज़रिये के बारे में और उनकी रणनीतियों के बारे में बारीक समझ रखते हैं और संविधान के हिसाब से एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष, लोकतांत्रिक, समाजवादी और संप्रभु भारत को हिन्दू राष्ट्र में तब्दील करने के उनके इरादों के बारे में बताते हैं कि ‘वह संविधान को उखाड़ फेंक कर नहीं बल्कि सर्वोच्च अदालत द्वारा उसकी एक हिन्दू दस्तावेज के रूप में व्याख्या करके’ अमल में लाना चाहते हैं।

कुछ वक्फ़ा पहले ‘लाईव लॉ’ द्वारा आयोजित एक प्रोग्राम में बोलते हुए उन्होंने उसके गतिविज्ञान को साफ किया था। ( Read the full article here : https://janchowk.com/beech-bahas/judiciary-and-scheme-of-hindu-dominance/)

God-Willed Justice ?

Is the judiciary being internally hijacked to usher in Hindu Rashtra?

There are a very few legal scholars or advocates who have perceptively looked at the dynamics of India’s judiciary and cautioned us about the dangers that can come our way through those routes only.

Dr Mohan Gopal, is an exception.

This noted scholar who has been very clear about the worldview and strategies of the Hindutva Supremacist forces to achieve the goal of establishing Hindu Rashtra, explains their strategy of executing it “not by overthrowing the Constitution but by interpretation by the SC as a Hindu Document

Speaking in a programme organised by Live Law, Gopal had explained its dynamic as a two-step process:

One, appointing judges who are ready to look beyond the Constitution.

Two, how with an increase in the number of theocratic judges who find the source of law in religion rather than the Constitution, it will be easy to declare India as a Hindu theocracy under the same Constitution.

( Read the full article here : https://www.newsclick.in/god-willed-justice)

Who is Entitled to Hurt Religious Statements ?

The judiciary in Karnataka is once again the focus of discussion in the national media.

The judiciary in Karnataka is once again in the news.

The latest case in a series of such cases is the Karnataka High Court’s recent judgment saying that shouting ‘Jai Shri Ram’ inside a mosque does not outrage religious feelings.

In an ambience where Right-Wing forces are hell bent upon creating more discord in the society, this judgement can easily be used by those who wish to further vitiate the atmosphere in the country. There are instances galore when such elements have tried to mount atop religious places of ‘other’ communities and deliberately create tension.

There is a feeling of sadness and surprise that despite the incident being caught live on CCTV, where the duo was seen entering a mosque late at night on their motorcycle, the courts did not look into the intention behind their act.

No doubt legal eagles in the country or civil liberty activists would be looking into the Karnataka HC judgement to formulate a suitable response and possibly challenge it at higher levels. For example, at the immediate level, it is being argued by analysts that the single-judge bench’s comparison of this issue with the highest court’s ruling in ‘Mahendra Singh Dhoni vs. Yerraguntla Shyamsundar’ case was notably different. ( Read the full article here : https://www.newsclick.in/who-entitled-hurt-religious-sentiments)

Goodbye Welfare State ? Welcome ‘Labharthis’

Ahead of Maharashtra Assembly polls, announcement of schemes like the Ladki-Bahin scheme reduce citizens to being ‘subjects’ rather than persons with basic constitutional rights.

Image Courtesy: PTI

Times have definitely changed.

There was a time earlier when a postcard sent by an ordinary citizen had spurred the judiciary into action, not any more.

One does not know whether the legal notice sent by a conscientious journalist to the Maharashtra government will similarly have any impact or not.

The focus of this legal notice is on the recent scheme launched by the Maharashtra government, called Ladki Bahin, under which women will be given Rs 1,500 per month. Launched on the eve of the elections to the state, the notice raises issues of the scheme’s timing, the claim that Rs 1,500 given to women would be sufficient; how such doles create a dependency culture and how it effectively punctures the whole idea of a welfare state. (Read the full article here :https://www.newsclick.in/goodbye-welfare-state-welcome-labharthis)—————————-

Here is a Hindi version of this write-up :https://janchowk.com/pahlapanna/citizens-as-beneficiary-the-achievement-of-the-amrit-kaal-of-the-republic/

हिंदुत्व की दक्षिण की नई प्रयोगशाला !

नरम हिन्दुत्व या ‘सेकुलर’ दलों की लड्डू पॉलिटिक्स?

Credit: PTI photo

(क्या आंध्र प्रदेश दक्षिण में हिंदुत्व प्रयोग की नई प्रयोगशाला बनाने जा रहा है।  दक्षिण के अग्रणी अख़बार डेक्कन हेराल्ड ने पिछले दिनों इस मसले पर विशेष सामग्री पेश की थी ा गौरतलब है कि इस सूबे की आंतरिक गतिविधियों पर शेष मुल्क की तब निगाह पड़ी, जब तिरुपति के लड्डू के मसले को सुर्खियां मिली . मगर ‘हिंदुत्व लाइट’ का यह सम्मोहन महज वहीं तक सीमित नहीं है )

सियासत भी अजीब होती है। अकसर इस बात का अंदाजा भी नहीं लग पाता कि कैसे वह शैतानों के सन्त में रूपांतरण को मुमकिन बना देती है और कैसे अन्य समुदायों के जनसंहारों को अंजाम देने वालों को ‘अपने लोगों’ के हृदयसम्राट या रक्षक के तौर पर स्थापित कर देती है।

शायद इसी विचित्रता की यह निशानी है कि अमेरिका के पूर्व राष्‍ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प  द्वारा हैती से आए आप्रवासियों को लेकर फैलायी जा रही झूठी ख़बरें कि वे कुत्तों का भक्षण करते हैं, अमेरिका की आबादी के अच्छे-खासे हिस्से को अविश्वसनीय नहीं लग रही- जिनका लगभग अस्सी फीसदी हिस्सा साक्षर है। इन झूठी और नफरती ख़बरों को लेकर हैती से जुड़े समूहों को ही अदालत का दरवाजा खटखटाना पड़ रहा है।

जहां दुनिया का सबसे ताकतवर जनतंत्र कुत्तों को लेकर पैदा किए गए एक विवाद में उलझा दिखता है, वहीं खुद को दुनिया में डेमोक्रेसी की माता कहलाने वाले भारत में लड्डू के इर्द-गिर्द खड़े किए गए इसी किस्म के एक फर्जी विवाद में पिछले दिनों लचीले हिन्दुत्व की राजनीति के नए रणबांकुरे उलझे दिखे थे । ( Read the full article here : https://junputh.com/open-space/soft-hindutva-and-laddoo-politics-of-naidu/)

अलविदा किशोर ! उस दोस्त की याद में !

यारबाश दोस्त, जिन्दादिल साथी, समाजी बेहतरी और बदलाव को लेकर हमेशा पुरउम्मीद रहने वाले किशोर ने चुपचाप एक सुबह हमें अलविदा कहा। 13 सितम्बर 2024/
एक लाईलाज बीमारी के चलते , जिसे दुनिया cerebellar ataxia (multisystem atrophy) /अनुमस्तिष्क गतिभंग या मल्टीसिस्टम अपक्षय/ के तौर जानती है, जो निरंतर बढ़ते जानेवाला न्यूरोजनरेटिव विकार है  जो शरीर के एक एक अंग को बेकार करता जाता है और अंत में बिस्तर तक सिमट देता है  – उसकी जीजिविषा में कभी कोई कमी नहीं आयी, उसकी हंसी बरकरार रही, रौशनी की बातें करना उसने नहीं छोड़ा था.।

किशोर – जिसे शेष दुनिया किशोर झा के नाम से जानती थी, जो छात्र जीवन में वाम आंदोलन से जुड़ा – जिसने उसे एक नैतिक दिशा प्रदान की – अस्सी के दशक के उत्तरार्द्ध में दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय में ‘दिशा छात्र समुदाय’ के शुरूआती सदस्यों  वह था, जिसकी सक्रियताओने  ने उन दिनों अलग छाप छोड़ी थी। बाद में वह बाल अधिकारों के लिए सक्रिय विभिन्न संस्थाओं /एनजीओ के साथ भी सक्रिय रहा ; लेकिन आमूलचूल बदलाव के सपने को उसने कभी नहीं छोड़ा।
किशोर के मित्रों की पहल पर गांधी शांति प्रतिष्ठान में एक कार्यक्रम का आयोजन हुआ था, ( 5 अक्तूबर 2024 ) जिसका फोकस उसके जीवन को सेलिब्रेट करने पर था। प्रस्तुत नोट उस सभा में प्रस्तुत वक्तव्य का संशोधित रूप है
। (Read the full text here :https://janchowk.com/art-culture-society/adeu-kishore-in-memory-of-this-friend/)

Fascinating Hindutva Lite

After the ascent of Hindutva Supremacists at the Centre, avowedly secular parties also seem to be falling prey to it under mass pressure for short-term electoral gains.

Politics is a strange beast.

It looks incredulous how at times it helps Satans being metamorphosed into Saints and biggest murderers of hapless communities emerging as the defenders or ‘heartthrobs’ of their ‘own people.’

Perhaps it is a sign of this weirdness that Donald Trump’s vitriolic speeches targeting Haitian immigrants – that they eat pets — have not appeared incredulous to a large section of the US population, which is 79% literate, as the records show. Finally, Haitian groups themselves had to approach the courts to expose “racial animus against Haitian immigrants” over the years.

Interestingly, while the strongest democracy in the world is in the midst of a manufactured controversy around pets, the biggest democracy in the world, is witnessing another fabricated controversy around Laddoo – a spherical sweet from the Indian subcontinent — thanks to the intervention of what can be called as ‘new converts’ to Hindutva Lite politics. ( Read the full article here : https://www.newsclick.in/fascination-hindutva-lite-among-opposition-parties)

न्याय के रास्ते धर्मतंत्र की कवायद: जस्टिस श्रीशानंद, विहिप की बैठक और काशी-मथुरा की बारी

इन दिनों कर्नाटक उच्च न्यायालय के एक न्यायाधीश वी. श्रीशानंद सुर्खियों में हैं। उन्‍होंने बीते 28 अगस्‍त को एक अदालती सुनवाई के दौरान बेंगलुरु के एक मुस्लिम-बहुल इलाके को पाकिस्तान कह दिया और एक महिला वकील को लेकर आपत्तिजनक टिप्पणी की। इस बयान के कथित वीडियो पर सोशल मीडिया में जब काफी शोर मचा, तब मुल्क की आला अदालत घटना के को लेकर हरकत में आई। उसके कारण अगले ही दिन श्रीशानंद को खुली अदालत में खेद जताना पड़ा।

सुप्रीम कोर्ट के मुख्य न्यायाधीश चंद्रचूड़ की अध्यक्षता में पांच जजों की पीठ ने 20 सितंबर को श्रीशानंद के बयान पर स्‍वत: संज्ञान लेते हुए उसे ‘अनावश्‍यक’ करार दिया और कर्नाटक उच्च न्यायालय के रजिस्‍ट्रार जनरल को इस संबंध में रिपोर्ट बना कर भेजने का आदेश दिया था। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी कहा था कि वह सुनवाई के दौरान जजों के प्रेक्षण को लेकर कोई दिशानिर्देश जारी कर सकती है। अगली सुनवाई की तारीख 25 सितंबर दी गई थी।

इस दूसरी ही तारीख पर मामले को निपटा दिया गया। 25 सितंबर को सुनवाई शुरू होते ही मुख्य न्यायाधीश ने बताया कि 23 सितंबर को ही कर्नाटक उच्च न्यायालय के रजिस्‍ट्रार जनरल द्वारा उक्त रिपोर्ट जमा कराई जा चुकी है। चूंकि जस्टिस श्रीशानंद ने खेद जता दिया है, तो सर्वोच्च अदालत इस मामले को आगे नहीं ले जाएगी और उन्हें नोटिस नहीं देगी।

दिलचस्प है कि सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने केस को निपटाते हुए जजों के लिए कथित ‘दिशानिर्देशों’ का कोई जिक्र नहीं किया, जिसका हवाला 20 सितंबर को दिया गया था। इससे भी ज्यादा हैरान करने वाली बात है कि इस मामले में श्रीशानंद के बयान को मुख्य न्यायाधीश ने “बुनियादी रूप से भारत की अखंडता के खिलाफ” करार दिया। पहले उन्होंने इसे “अनावश्यक” कहा था।

बहरहाल, सुप्रीम कोर्ट का यह हल्का हस्तक्षेप भी काबिले तारीफ है, पर सवाल उठता है कि जजों के लिए अगर कोई दिशानिर्देश बन भी जाए तो भविष्य में अदालतों में कही जाने वाली उलट-सुलट बातों पर क्या रोक लग जाएगी?  ( Read the full post here :https://followupstories.com/politics/ethics-of-judiciary-and-justice-shrishanand-episode/)

Your Honour, the Rot Runs Really Deep !

The Karnataka HC episode is a wake-up call for the judiciary, as the battle to save it from interference by the executive could have long-term consequences for democracy.

High Court of Karnataka. Image Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Justice Srishananda of the Karnataka High Court is in the news for wrong reasons.

What has caused tremendous unease is the way he openly referred to a Muslim-majority area in Bengaluru as “Pakistan” during a hearing and even made a misogynistic comment involving a woman lawyer.

The open display of prejudice toward a community and gender — by someone who is supposed to uphold the Constitution — infuriated a wide cross-section of people. A five-judge bench of the Supreme Court led by Chief Justice Chandrachud also lost no time in condemning these highly irresponsible remarks and asked the Karnataka HC to submit a report in this connection.

..The SC’s quick intervention in the Karnataka case is definitely a welcome development.

The question arises whether establishing such clear guidelines would really prove a dampener to such utterances in courts in future? Would it really put a stop on judges who have had no qualms in declaring that ”based on religion, India should have been declared Hindu nation after independence.’ or declaring ‘Modi a model and a Hero’. ( Read the full article here : https://www.newsclick.in/your-honour-rot-runs-really-deep)

Dr. Ambedkar’s  Interpretation of Present  National Crises

Prof Sukhdeo Thorat

Professor Emeritus, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 

Theme :Dr. Ambedkar’s  Interpretation of Present  National Crises

Number of scholars have tried to explain the present crisis by drawing insights from  the experience of Fascism of Hitler in Germany 1930’s and/or  similar viewpoints . Without undermining these attempts, I feel that  Ambedkar’s  theoretical perspective on Indian history presumably helps us more to grapple with the  present crisis .In Ambedkar’s view it is continuation of the non-stop efforts from ancient times to bring back Brahmanism . Ambedkar observes that “that there was in ancient India, a great struggle between Buddhism and Brahmanism. It is not even a struggle but a quarrel over some creed ,The Buddhism  was revolutionary and while Brahminsm  was  counter-revolutionary. It was a revolution and counter revolution in doctrine by a revolution in political and social philosophy”. The present attempt is an on-going legacy of the ancient Indian where it began , and carried through the medieval to British and to the present time with tenacity and stubbornness to maintain the privileges that the Brahmanical ideology bestowed on  those who coined this ideology .The lecture will try to bring insights on Ambedkar’s perspective .

About the Speaker
Prof Sukhdeo Thorat, Professor Emeritus, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi ; former Chairman of University Grants Commission and former Chairman of ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research) is a leading economist, educationist and writer.
A renowned Ambedkar scholar Prof Thorat graduated with a B.A. from Milind College of Arts, Aurangabad, Maharashtra and has done PhD in Economics from Jawaharlal Nehru University. He was a  Faculty Member at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and visiting faculty at Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames, USA and has been associated with various national-international institutes and organisations.
Recipient of many awards including Dr Ambedkar National Award (2011) and Padmashree ( 2008), he has authored and edited many books and monographs. Here is a list of his major publications :
– Ambedkar on Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy
– Dalits in India? Social and Economic Profile (Sage)
– Ambedkar in Retrospect: Essays in Economics, Society, and Politics (edited) with Aryama & Negi. (Rawat Publication)
– Social Science Research in India : Status, Issue and Policies ( co-authored with Samar Varma) – Oxford University Press ( 2016)
– Politics of Representation : Historically Disadvantaged Groups in India’s Democracy ( co edited with Prof Sudha Pai) Palgrave Macmillan ( 2012)
– Untouchability in Rural India Sage, 2006 (with G. Shah, Harsh Mander, Satish Deshpande & Amrita)
– Caste, Race, and Discrimination – Discourse in International Context (edited) (with Umakant), Rawat Publication, Jaipur (2004)

Long Live the Eternal Feminist, Anti-Fascist Fire and Flower Gauri! – A Letter from ALIFA

Following is an Open Letter from ALIFA (All India Feminist Alliance ) to Gauri Lankesh, marking 7 years of her cowardly killing. The Open Letter is in both English and Kannada. The Kannada version follows after the English one. ALIFA is linked to NAPM (National Alliance of People’s Movements). ಆತ್ಮೀಯ ಗೌರಿ ಲಂಕೇಶ್ ಅವರ ಹೇಡಿತನದ ಹತ್ಯೆಗೆ 7 ವರ್ಷಗಳಾಗಿ, ಅವರಿಗೆ ಅಲಿಫಾದಿಂದ (ALIFA) ಬಹಿರಂಗ ಪತ್ರ

Gauri Lankesh, image courtesy Asianet Newsable

Gauri, dear sister, dear comrade!

It has been seven years. We still remember the day, the night! 5th September, 2017 – in fact the very moments – when the ‘news’ hit us. Gauri Lankesh shot in cold blood. Details poured in. Number of bullets. At your residence. By two men. We reeled with shock under immeasurable grief, loss and helplessness. Abandoning so many unfinished conversations, you left a void in all our hearts, the shape and size of a star!

Continue reading Long Live the Eternal Feminist, Anti-Fascist Fire and Flower Gauri! – A Letter from ALIFA

हमारी समस्या है नागरिक आज्ञाकारिता ! ‘बुलडोजर न्याय’ के दौर में हावर्ड जिन की याद

‘हमारी समस्या है नागरिक आज्ञाकारिता…’!

विख्यात अमेरिकी इतिहासकार, नाटककार, दार्शनिक और समाजवादी विचारक हॉवर्ड जिन- जिनकी लिखी किताब ‘ए पीपुल्स हिस्ट्री ऑफ युनाइटेड स्टेट्स’ की लाखों प्रतियां बिक चुकी हैं- के ये शब्द आज भी दुनिया के मुल्कों में दोहराए जाते हैं जब-जब वहां की जनता हुक्मरानों के हर फरमान को सिर आंखों पर लेती है।

बहुत कम लोग इस वक्तव्य के इतिहास से वाकिफ हैं, जिसे उन्होंने अमेरिका के युद्ध-विरोधी आंदोलन के दौरान बाल्टिमोर विश्वविद्यालय के परिसर में रैडिकल छात्रों और परिवर्तनकामी अध्यापकों के विशाल जनसमूह के सामने दिया था। यह वह दौर था जब अमेरिकी सरकार की वियतनाम युद्ध में संलिप्तता को लेकर- जिसमें तमाम अमेरिकी सैनिकों की महज लाशें ही अमेरिका लौट पाई थीं- जनाक्रोश बढ़ता गया था और अमेरिकी सरकार पर इस बात का जोर बढ़ने लगा था कि उसे अपनी सेनाओं को वहां से वापस बुलाना चाहिए।

याद किया जा सकता है कि इस ऐतिहासिक साबित हो चुके व्याख्यान के एक दिन पहले क्या हुआ था। एक युद्ध विरोधी प्रदर्शन में शामिल होने के चलते उन्हें संघीय पुलिस ने गिरफ्तार किया था और हॉवर्ड जिन को कहा गया था कि वह अगले दिन अदालत में हाजिर हों। सवाल यह था कि क्या वह दूसरे ही दिन अदालत के सामने हाजिर हों, जहां उन्हें चेतावनी मिलेगी और फिर घर जाने के लिए कहा जाएगा या वह बाल्टिमोर जाने के अपने निर्णय पर कायम रहें? यानी, रैडिकल छात्रों ने उनके लिए जो निमंत्रण भेजा था पहले उसका सम्मान करें और उसके अगले दिन अदालत के सामने हाजिर हों? जाहिर था कि इस हुक्मउदूली के लिए उन्हें कम से कम कुछ दिन या महीने तो सलाखों के पीछे जाना ही होता।

हावर्ड जिन ने बाल्टिमोर जाना ही तय किया। यहां उन्होंने अपना भाषण दिया। छात्रों एवं अध्यापकों में उसकी जबरदस्त प्रतिक्रिया हुई। वे लौट आए और अगले ही दिन अदालत के सामने हाजिर हुए। जैसा कि स्पष्ट था, उन्हें कुछ सप्ताह के लिए जेल भेज ‌दिया गया। ( Read the full text here : https://junputh.com/open-space/remembering-howard-zinn-in-the-times-of-bulldozer-justice/)

The End is Nigh – Bangladesh Report from Ground Zero: Shahidul Alam

This is a guest post by the well known Bangladesh photographer, SHAHIDUL ALAM. The article was earlier published in NEW AGE BANGLADESH and sent to us by SIMONE RUDOLPHI. The photographs are courtesy DRIK. Shahidul’s article actually answers many question that have been on Indian readers’ minds, including, not the least, the question of “quotas.” Interested readers may also find this article by academic Naveeda Khan useful, written as it is from within Dhaka, though she herself is based in the USA.

It would be a mistake to see this as simply a demand for more jobs. The quota movement, justified as it is, is simply the tip of the iceberg. A rampant government running roughshod over its people for so very long has led to extreme discontent. The quota issue has merely lit the fuse to this tinderbox. As citizens counted the dead and the injured, the prime minister fiddled, advising attendees at an aquaculture and sea food conference on tourism prospects in Cox’s Bazaar.

The original quota had been designed, shortly after independence in 1972 to be an interim arrangement to acknowledge the contribution of freedom fighters who constituted less than 0.25% of the population. Since a government known to be incredibly corrupt is responsible for creating the list of freedom fighters, over 50 years later the 120 fold allocation through a 30% quota has become an easy back door for party cadres to much sought after government employment. Confirmation came through senior Awami Leaguers saying, ‘just get through the initial screening and we’ll get you through in the viva’ and more tellingly, ‘government jobs will only go to party people.’

Continue reading The End is Nigh – Bangladesh Report from Ground Zero: Shahidul Alam

महाराष्ट्र का नया कानून और ‘पुलिस राज’ का कसता शिकंजा

[भारत में 1 जुलाई से लागू हुई नई न्‍याय संहिताओं के साथ-साथ महाराष्‍ट्र में एक नया जनसुरक्षा कानून भी आया है। यह कानून उस ‘शहरी नक्‍सल’ के खतरे पर अंकुश के लिए बनाया गया है, जिसके बारे में इस देश का गृह राज्‍यमंत्री संसद में कह चुका है कि गृह मंत्रालय और सरकार की आधिकारिक शब्‍दावली में यह शब्‍द है ही नहीं। ऐसे अनधिकारिक और अपरिभाषित शब्‍दों के नाम पर बनाए जा रहे कानून और की जा रही कार्रवाइयों के मकसद और मंशा पर नजर ..]

ऐसे अवसर बहुत कम आते हैं जब कोई साधारण सा ट्वीट सामने आ रही वास्तविकता को स्पष्ट शब्दों में रेखांकित कर दे। जानी-मानी वकील और मानवाधिकार कार्यकर्ता इंदिरा जयसिंह का 30 जून को किया ट्वीट ऐसा ही था, जिसमें उन्‍होंने अगली सुबह से लागू होने वाले तीन नए फौजदारी कानूनों पर चिंता जाहिर की थी।

इंदिरा जयसिंह के ट्वीट में ‘पुलिस राज’ का रूपक इस बात का संकेत था कि सत्ताधारी केवल ताकत की भाषा समझते हैं। वे न तो संवाद में विश्वास करते हैं और न ही किसी के साथ संवाद करने को तैयार हैं- सिवाय अपने मित्रों के एक चुनिंदा गिरोह के।

इस चिंता में वे अकेली नहीं थीं। अन्य प्रमुख वकील और मानवाधिकार कार्यकर्ता भी इस बारे में समान रूप से चिंतित हैं।

ऐसे खतरों को समझते हुए भी उस वक्‍त शायद किसी को इस बात का जरा सा भी अंदाजा नहीं था कि इसके आगे भी कुछ और होने वाला है, जिसके संकेत आम चुनाव के बाद महाराष्ट्र के मुख्यमंत्री एकनाथ शिंदे ने अपने एक भाषण में दे दिए थे। ..उस समय किसी को भी यह अनुमान नहीं था कि इस भाषण के एक महीने के भीतर ही राज्‍य सरकार अर्बन नक्सल के ‘खतरे’ को रोकने के लिए एक विधेयक लेकर आ जाएगी। [ Read the full article here :https://followupstories.com/politics/a-police-state-in-the-becoming-the-maharashtra-special-psa-2024/]

McCarthyism in India?

Return of The Urban Naxal Bogey!

‘India Will Awake to Police Raj’!

““I am reminded of Pandit Nehru ‘s speech “ At the stroke of midnight India will awake to freedom” . At the stroke of midnight night 1st July 2024 India will awake to police raj,” (1)

There are rare occasions when a simple tweet underlines the unfolding reality in stark terms.

Noted lawyer and human rights activist Indira Jaising’s tweet a fortnight back created similar ripples. Her concern was over the three new criminal laws coming into operation the next morning.

And she was not alone, other leading lawyers and human rights activists seemed equally concerned about it …

But perhaps nobody had a faint idea that more was in the offing.

Post elections, Eknath Shinde, Chief Minister of Maharashtra in one of speeches had talked of Urban Naxals ‘penetrating NGOs and help creating ‘..false narratives against the government’    A speech made during a rally for BJP Konkan Graduates Constituency in the MLC polls was considered out of tune with the ambiance.

Little anyone had premonition that within a month of this speech the government will come out with a bill supposedly to curb the ‘menace’ of Urban Naxalism.’ ( Read the full article here : https://countercurrents.org/2024/07/mccarthyism-in-india-the-return-of-the-urban-naxal-bogey/)


Between Axiality and Modernity

Bhakti Era as the Plebeian Plateau in the Civilizational Landscape of India

Guest Post by Ravi Sinha on a possible framework for looking at the millennial trajectory of Indian civilization

We have by now devoted several sessions to mapping the millennial trajectory of the Bhakti Movement across the history and the cultural geography of the subcontinent. Starting with the Tamil lands in the 7th century we followed Bhakti performing the pradakshina of the cultural landmass of the subcontinent, crossing the Vindhyas in its northward journey sometime in the 13-14th century. Our endeavour has been to understand the role of Bhakti in shaping the cultural and the civilizational mind of India. This, in turn, has been motivated by task of making sense of the role this mind plays in contemporary politics and in the rise of fascistic Hindutva in recent decades.

As we stated in the proposal to a previous session, we seek to understand the impact of Bhakti at two different time-scales. On the shorter time-scale of contemporary politics one looks at the phenomenon of communalism. The mainstream of the anti-colonial national movement considered Bhakti Movement as the harbinger of religious tolerance and syncretism that would help evolve the Indian brand of secularism. The subsequent history, however, paints a mixed picture. A social fabric and a cultural mind weaved by the Bhakti ideologies do not offer the kind of resistance to communalism and sectarianism as was expected of them. In our previous sessions we mainly stayed with evaluating the impact of Bhakti at the political-historical time-scale characterized by the problem of communalism and the rise of Hindutva.

On a longer – millennial – time-scale, however, one can evaluate the Bhakti phenomenon in the civilizational context. One can ask something like the Needham Question – why did the Indian civilization, despite its glory and accomplishments in the ancient and the medieval periods, fail to realize its cultural and scientific potentials? Why was it defeated often and why was it eventually colonized? Why did the West forge ahead, why has India lagged behind? Did the cultural mind and social ethos prepared by the Bhakti Movement play a role in the civilizational decline of India? These are very large questions not amenable to easy answers. But one must prepare to wrestle with them as they are of crucial importance for imagining and fashioning a desirable future for India. In this session, we finally arrive at the task of outlining a framework for asking and answering these questions.

For this purpose, we propose to take help of two large concepts – one of Axiality and the other of Modernity. The idea of axial revolutions was proposed for the civilizational breakthroughs that happened in the middle centuries of the first millennium BC in several different and unconnected societies – Judea (land of the Old Testament in the era of prophets), Greece (of pre-Socratic philosophers as well as of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle), China (of Confucius, Mencius and others) and India (of Upanishads, six systems of philosophies, and of Buddha) being the prime examples. We will briefly go through the idea of Axiality and see how we can understand it in the sequence of human cultural and cognitive evolution progressively from the mimetic (pre-linguistic, primarily based on gestures, rituals and body-language) to the mythic (linguistic but largely oral and narrative-based) to the theoretic (rational, abstract, normative and self-reflective). We will try to locate the Indian antiquity in the sequence of cultural evolution.

We will then make a millennial jump and outline the idea of Modernity, which can, in this context, be seen as a new kind of axial transition. The first axial transition did take the civilizations concerned from the mythic era to the theoretic era, but it still depended on the idea of the transcendental to reorder life in the realm of the mundane. The transition to Modernity, for the first time in human history, brings human autonomy to the centre-stage of history and civilization. Elimination of human dependence on the super-natural and on the transcendental is brought explicitly on the agenda and an objective and scientific knowledge of the cosmos is deployed into the service of human emancipation and freedom.

While the Indian civilization was a key example of the axial breakthrough two and a half millennia ago, its transition to Modernity has been faltering and patchy. While this may be true for many civilizations, it is especially disconcerting in the case of India which has had such a glorious antiquity at least in the domains of the mythic and of the theoretic. Of course, entire history of the intervening two millennia culminating in the colonial subjugation at the hands of the modernist imperialists is implicated in the complex and faltering progress of Modernity on the subcontinent and it cannot be explained on the basis of one cause or developments in any single arena. But one can be reasonably certain that the developments in the cultural-religious-civilizational arena play an important role in the civilizational transitions and transformations. The role of the millennial march of Bhakti must be assessed and evaluated in this context.

We will also engage with the theoretical issues that arise in this context of the materialist explanation of historical progress. There is no doubt that the historical breakthroughs and the transitions from one stage of history to the next happen through the push of advancing forces of production and, in this respect, the cultural-civilizational transformations are correlated with the developments in the material conditions of life. But there is a significant difference between the respective dynamics of systems and civilizations. While history progresses through replacement of one system by the next, in case of civilizations the older ones never entirely go out of existence. The older ones merely become the subterranean layers on which new layers arise or get deposited. The mimetic-ritualistic and the mythic, for example, have not disappeared from human civilization even after the axial-theoretic and the modernist-scientific stages have become increasingly entrenched.

Once again, I am not sure whether all this can be covered in one session even at the level of very sketchy outline of the argument. But the idea is to start thinking about these issues which, abstract and theoretical as they may sound, are of critical importance in making sense of contemporary politics and history.

Select Bibliography

  1. Johann P Arnason, “The Labyrinth of Modernity: Horizons, Pathways and Mutations”, Rowman and Littlefield, 2020
  2. Robert N Bellah, “Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age”, Harvard University Press, 2011
  3. S N Eisenstadt, “The Great Revolutions and the Civilizations of Modernity”, Brill, 2006
  4. Neville Morley, “Antiquity and Modernity”, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009
  5. Sheldon Pollock, “The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Pre-modern India”, University of California Press, 2006

How Women Were Publicly Humiliated in a Programme in India and Nobody Protested

Israel’s unending war against Palestine – with due support from the Western World – is widely known.

Less known is the fact that representatives of extreme patriarchal Judaism have unleashed a war of a different kind against women. (1)

With their growing ascent in social life their emphasis has been increasingly on segregation of women in public domain….including their being bundled to the back side of public transport buses. (2)

Much has already been written about situation of women in Muslim majority countries.

Right from they being denied right to education, one can cite numerous examples about the laws and customs which prohibit or restrict their participation in education, job or other professions or they being prohibited from mixed gatherings. (3)

India, which claims itself to be a tolerant country – which is celebrating 75 years of its ushering into Republic this year… had a glimpse of what it means to be women in a set up dominated by extreme patriarchal notions. ( Read the full article here :https://countercurrents.org/2024/07/how-women-were-publicly-humiliated-in-a-programme-in-india-and-nobody-protested/)